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- <text id=92TT1817>
- <title>
- Aug. 17, 1992: Apes That Swing Many Ways
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Aug. 17, 1992 The Balkans: Must It Go On?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BEHAVIOR, Page 50
- Apes That Swing Many Ways
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Eugene Linden
- </p>
- <p> In a forest clearing near Wamba in equatorial Zaire, a group
- of bonobos, or pygmy chimpanzees, approaches a juicy stash of
- sugarcane laid out by Japanese researchers. As the animals draw
- near the sweets, they begin an astonishing series of sexual
- interactions. Some females embrace, rubbing their genitals
- against each other; males rub rumps, and sometimes briefly enter
- into what looks like mating. There is plenty of heterosexual
- sex too, as well as adult-infant encounters and enough mixing
- and matching to offend every puritanical sensibility.
- Scientists have observed similar orgies when bonobos converge
- on fig trees ripe with the sticky fruit.
- </p>
- <p> This is not typical ape behavior. In similar situations,
- the bonobo's cousin, the common chimpanzee, might engage in
- greetings and dominance interactions with far less libido in
- evidence. Why then do the bonobos launch into extended orgies
- of polymorphous perversity?
- </p>
- <p> One feature of the bonobo's forest environment offers a
- possible clue: fruit trees that produce an unusual abundance of
- food in a small area. This brings large numbers of bonobos into
- closer social contact than is typical for common chimpanzees.
- The presence of food can stimulate competition among the apes,
- and the larger the group the greater the danger of conflict.
- Frances White of Duke University argues that at these crucial
- times, sexual encounters reinforce bonds, particularly among
- females, helping individual apes to maintain access to food.
- Frans de Waal, the author of Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex
- Among Apes, believes the varied sex reduces tensions and fosters
- conciliation among these intensely social animals.
- </p>
- <p> Bisexual behavior may serve a similar function for another
- highly intelligent mammal: the dolphin. "Sometimes male dolphins
- use homosexual sex to assert dominance over other males, and
- other times they use it in a friendly way, but always they are
- negotiating relationships," says Richard Connor, a biologist at
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
- </p>
- <p> With both dolphins and bonobos, however, bisexual behavior
- appears to be more ritualistic than erotic (quite often,
- male-male encounters do not lead to ejaculation). Thus such
- behavior may have little to do with sexual orientation. Instead
- it may be viewed as a counterpart of the ceremonial sex seen in
- some human cultures.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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